📕 Affray.
Affray is a violence offence very similar to assault but that is considered to be more serious. Where assault may be committed towards an individual, affray involves other people fearing for their safety as a result of the act of violence. To be charged with the offence of affray, the accused would have to use or threaten violence towards a person or people in such a way that another person or people who were present and/or witness to the violence feared for their personal safety as a result.
The charge carries a maximum prison term of 10 years.
📕 Aggravated Assault.
Aggravated assault is an attempt to cause serious bodily harm to an individual with disregard for life. Factors that raise an assault to the aggravated level typically include the use of a weapon, the status of the victim, the intent of the perpetrator, and the degree of injury caused.
The penalty for Aggravated Assault is 7 to 25 years imprisonment.
📕 Assault by Threat.
Assault by threat occurs when someone intentionally or knowingly threatens an individual either verbally or non-verbally, with the threat of imminent bodily injury.
Assault by Threat can result in 1 to 5 years in jail and/or can bring $1,000 to $10,000 fine.
📕 Auto Stripping.
Auto stripping is a term that describes vandalizing and stealing parts of a vehicle or intentionally remove or damage any part of another person's vehicle without that person's permission. Typically, when a car is stripped, the purpose is to remove it’s valuable parts for which there is a lucrative market and sell the parts for profit.
The penalty for Auto Stripping is up to 3 years in jail and pay a fine.
📕 Bribery.
Bribery refers to the offering, giving, soliciting, or receiving of any item of value as a means of influencing the actions of an individual holding a public or legal duty. This type of action results in matters that should be handled objectively being handled in a manner best suiting the private interests of the decision maker. Bribery constitutes a crime and both the offeror and the recipient can be criminally charged.
Bribery carries a maximum penalty of 10 years imprisonment or a $2,200,000 fine.
📕 Burglary of Coin Operated Machine.
The Burglary of Coin Operated Machine means breaking or entering into any coin-operated machine, coin collection machine, or other coin-operated or coin collection receptacle, contrivance, apparatus, or equipment used for the purpose of providing lawful amusement, sales of goods, services, or other valuable things, or telecommunications with intent to obtain property or services without the effective consent of the owner.
It punished with a maximum possible fine of up to $4,000 and jail time of up to 1 year.
📕 Charged Under the Espionage Act.
The Espionage Act prohibited obtaining information, recording pictures, or copying descriptions of any information relating to the national defence with intent or reason to believe that the information may be used for the injury of the country or to the advantage of any foreign nation.
The act also created criminal penalties for anyone obstructing enlistment in the armed forces or causing insubordination or disloyalty in military or naval forces.
Sentences and other penalties for Espionage vary but typically include long prison sentences, often for life. Members of the military who are convicted of the crime may receive the death penalty.
📕 Computer Trespass.
A person is guilty of computer trespass if s/he intentionally and without authorization accesses, alters, deletes, damages, destroys, or disrupts any computer, computer system, computer network, computer program, or data. Computer trespass is directed generally towards computer hackers.
The penalties are varied between 2 to 10 years imprisonment.
📕 Conspiracy.
Conspiracy occurs when two or more persons agree to commit a crime-an essential feature for committing organized crime. One purpose of the conspiracy offence is to extend liability "backwards" by criminalizing the planning (or agreement) stage of a criminal offence. Conspiracy can create criminal liability even if no preparation of the contemplated offence has begun.
It’s punishable by at least 1 year imprisonment.
📕 Consumer Fraud.
Consumer Fraud is commonly defined as deceptive business practices that cause consumers to suffer financial or other losses. The victims believe they are participating in a legal and valid business transaction when they are actually being defrauded. Fraud against consumers is often related to false promises or inaccurate claims made to consumers, as well as practices that directly cheat consumers out of their money.
The offence for Consumer Fraud carries a maximum penalty of 10 years in prison.
📕 Credit Card Abuse.
Credit/Debit Card Abuse is the use of your credit card or debit card by another to obtain a benefit fraudulently. This is the most common type of identity theft and can occur whether or not the person physically has your actual card.
Traditionally credit card fraud was limited to the use of stolen or lost cards to make unauthorized transactions, but due to advances in technology, there are now many other ways for thieves to obtain your credit card/debit card information.
In a miner crime, it would carry a maximum fine of $1,000 or so, and a sentence of up to 1 year in jail. In a major one, it might be punishable by a $25,000 fine and 15 years in prison.
📕 Criminal Usury.
Originally, “Usury” simply referred to the practice of charging interest on loans, but it came to mean the charging of unreasonably high interest rates on loans. Today, usury is sometimes more commonly known as “loan sharking”. Under that law, it is a crime to knowingly charge, take, contract for, or receive more than 20 percent annual interest (or the equivalent rate for a shorter or longer period of time) on the sum loaned.
The offence for Criminal Usury is up to 10 years imprisonment and/or a fine of up to $10,000.
📕 Disorderly Conduct.
Disorderly Conduct is a vague charge that imply a wide range of potential circumstances that led up to that charge. It committed when an individual commits such acts as are of a nature to corrupt the public morals, or outrage the sense of public decency, or affect the peace and quiet of persons who may witness them, or engages in brawling or fighting, or engages in such conduct as to constitute a breach of the peace.
It’s punishable by up to 60 days in jail, a fine of $500, and up to 6 months of probation.
📕 Disrupting the School Function.
It is unlawful for any person who knowingly to disrupt or interfere with the lawful administration or functions of any educational institution, school board, or activity on school board property; or knowingly to advise, counsel, or instruct any school pupil or school employee to disrupt any school or school board function, activity on school board property, or classroom; or knowingly to interfere with the attendance of any other school pupil or school employee in a school or classroom; or to conspire to riot or to engage in any school campus or school function disruption or disturbance which interferes with the educational processes or with the orderly conduct of a school campus, school, or school board function or activity on school board property.
It is punishable by up to 60 days in jail, and a $500 fine.
📕 Disturbing the Peace.
Disturbing the Peace, also known as breach of the peace, is a criminal offense that occurs when a person engages in some form of unruly public behaviour, such as fighting or causing excessively loud noise. When a person's words or conduct jeopardizes another person's right to peace and tranquillity, he or she may be charged with disturbing the peace.
Depending on the jurisdiction, violators could face some jail time, fines, or alternative sentences such as community service.
📕 Divulging an Eavesdropping Warrant.
A person is guilty of Divulging an Eavesdropping Warrant when, possessing information concerning the existence or content of an eavesdropping warrant issued pursuant to article seven hundred of the criminal procedure law, or concerning any circumstances attending an application for such a warrant, he discloses such information to another person; except that such disclosure is not criminal or unlawful when or when made to a state or federal agency specifically authorized by law to receive reports concerning eavesdropping warrants, or when made in a legal proceeding, or to a law enforcement officer or agency connected with the application for such warrant, or to a legislative committee or temporary state commission, or to the telephone or telegraph corporation whose facilities are involved, or to any entity operating an electronic communications service whose facilities are involved.
It is punishable by a fine of up to $2,500 and/or beyond jail time.
📕 Driving Whilst Intoxicated.
Driving whilst Intoxicated refers to when a person operates a vehicle after the intake of alcohol or any substance capable of causing physical and mental impairment. Driving whilst intoxicated (DWI) is also the same as driving under the influence (DUI).
Depending on the amount of alcohol in blood, they may serve a maximum of 3 years imprisonment or pay a fine of $5,500. Also, the court may come to a verdict of giving a minimum of 2 years' disqualification.
📕 Escape.
A Prison Escape (referred as a bust out, breakout, jailbreak, or prison break) is the act of an inmate leaving prison through unofficial or illegal ways. Normally, when this occurs, an effort is made on the part of authorities to recapture them and return them to their original detainers.
A defendant who escapes from custody can be fined and sentenced to up to 5 years imprisonment.
📕 False Advertisements.
It’s against the law for businesses to make false claims or misleading representations about their goods or services. This means businesses are not allowed to make statements that are incorrect or likely to create a false impression.
It doesn’t matter if the business intended to mislead or deceive, what matters is how their statements and actions affect the thoughts and beliefs of a consumer. The law applies even if no one has suffered any loss or damage as a result of the business conduct.
The maximum penalty for each offence is $5,000 for an individual or by imprisonment for not more than 6 months.
📕 False Report to Police Officer.
A person commits an offense if, with intent to deceive, he knowingly makes a false statement that is material to a criminal investigation and makes the statement to a peace officer or federal special investigator conducting the investigation; or any employee of a law enforcement agency that is authorized by the agency to conduct the investigation and that the actor knows is conducting the investigation.
Filling a false report is punishable by up to 180 days in jail and a fine up to $2,000.
📕 Fortune Telling.
A person is guilty of Fortune Telling when, for a fee or compensation which he directly or indirectly solicits or receives, he claims or pretends to tell fortunes, or holds himself out as being able, by claimed or pretended use of occult powers, to answer questions or give advice on personal matters or to exorcise, influence or affect evil spirits or curses; except that this section does not apply to a person who engages in the afore described conduct as part of a show or exhibition solely for the purpose of entertainment or amusement.
Fortune Telling is punishable by 90 days in jail or a $500 fine.
📕 Fraudulent Degree.
A person commits an offense if the person uses or claims to hold a postsecondary degree that the person knows is a fraudulent or substandard degree; or is fictitious or has otherwise not been granted to the person; or has been revoked; and uses or claims to hold that degree in a written or oral advertisement or other promotion of a business; or with the intent to obtain employment; obtain a license or certificate to practice a trade, profession, or occupation; obtain a promotion …
A conviction for Fraudulent, Substandard, or Fictitious Degree is punished with a maximum possible fine up to $2,000 and jail time of up to 180 days.
📕 Hazing.
A person is guilty of Hazing in the first degree when, in the course of another person's initiation into or affiliation with any organization, he intentionally or recklessly engages in conduct which creates a substantial risk of physical injury to such other person or a third person and thereby causes such injury. Hazing in the second degree is a violation.
Hazing could end up to 1 to 3 years in jail. In addition, the judge may apply a fine of up to $1,000.
📕 Identity Theft.
A person is guilty of Identity Theft in the second degree when he or she knowingly and with intent to defraud assumes the identity of another person by presenting himself or herself as that other person, or by acting as that other person or by using personal identifying information of that other person, and thereby obtains goods, money, property or services or uses credit in the name of such other person in an aggregate amount that exceeds five hundred dollars; or causes financial loss to such person or to another person or persons in an aggregate amount that exceeds five hundred dollars.
Penalties for ID fraud vary and could reach up to 30 years imprisonment if the offense is committed to facilitate acts of domestic or international terrorism.
📕 Improper Photography or Visual Recording.
An offense is committed if a person photographs, videotapes or uses some other electronic means to record, broadcast or transmit a visual image of another person without their consent with intent to invade the privacy or with the intent to arouse or gratify the sexual desire of any person in a bathroom or private dressing room or other non-public places.
Criminal punishments can include serving 180 days to 2 years in prison; paying a fine of up to $10,000; and home detention or probation.
📕 Insurance Fraud.
Insurance Fraud is the deliberate deception of insurance companies for the purposes of obtaining a financial gain. Insurance fraud can be committed on a small, opportunistic scale, or as a large-scale form of organised criminal activity.
There is a maximum penalty if convicted of 10 years prison sentence. It may also be required to pay back the amount that was defrauded.
📕 Juvenile Vandalism.
Vandalism, referred to as damage to property or criminal mischief, occurs when a person wilfully defaces, damages or adds physical blemishes to a piece of property that does not belong to them. Common examples include graffiti, carvings, destruction of property or “egging.”
The penalty depends on the value of the damaged property; however, it can be punishable by no more than 5 years in prison, and a fine of up to $5,000.
📕 Obstructing Pedestrians Traffic.
Obstruct pedestrian or vehicular traffic means to walk, stand, sit, lie, or place an object in such a manner as to block passage by another person or a vehicle, or to require another person or a driver of a vehicle to take evasive action to avoid physical contact.
📕 Obstruction of Justice.
The crime or act of wilfully interfering with the process of justice and law especially by influencing, threatening, harming, or impeding a witness, potential witness, juror, or judicial or legal officer or by furnishing false information in or otherwise impeding an investigation or legal process. Any kind of interference in an officer’s actions is considered to be an Obstruction of Justice.
It carries a variety of penalties including jail time and/or fines. The punishment, in most cases, will mirror the act that hindered or obstructed.
📕 Petty Larceny.
Petty Larceny is used for theft of a small amount of money or objects of little value. It’s the lowest-level of larceny which is involves stolen property worth $1,000 or less.
Petty Larceny is subjects the offender to up to 364 days in jail and a $1,000 fine.
📕 Possession of Alcoholic Beverage in Motor Vehicle.
A person commits an offense if the person knowingly possesses an open container (i.e., unsealed bottle, can, or cup of any type of alcoholic beverage) in a passenger area of a motor vehicle that is located on a public highway, regardless of whether the vehicle is being operated or is stopped or parked. Possession by a person of one or more open containers in a single criminal episode is a single offense.
Possession of Alcoholic Beverage in Motor Vehicle is punishable by a fine of up to $500. The minimum penalty for a DWI conviction is increased to 6 days confinement if the state proves you had an open container at the time you were driving.
📕 Possession of Burglar`s Tools.
It is a crime to possess tools that typically used to commit a burglary. Such items are referred to as "burglar's tools." Burglar's tools can be almost any item, tool, instrument or other article adapted, designed or commonly used for" committing a burglary, theft or trespass.
The longest prison sentence that the offender could receive is 1 year. It is also possible that s/he will be sentence to a probation term of 3 years.
📕 Possession of Drug Paraphernalia.
Essentially, drug paraphernalia is any tool used in the process of smoking, shooting, manufacturing, growing, weighing, testing, storing, etc. in conjunction with a controlled substance. If the tool is going to be used to consume or process the controlled substance in any way, it can be considered drug paraphernalia. This may include bongs, hookahs, rolling papers, needles, heat sinks, scissors, grinders, scales, hollowed out apples, spoons, etc.
Possession of Drug Paraphernalia comes with a maximum of $500 fine. In higher class the offender could sentence to 1 year in jail, and with a prior conviction, they may face a minimum 90-day sentence with a fine of $4,000.
📕 Possession of Graffiti Instruments.
A person is guilty of Possession of Graffiti Instruments when he possesses any tool, instrument, article, substance, solution or other compound designed or commonly used to paint, write, spray, scratch, affix, inscribe or otherwise place a mark upon a piece of property which that person has no permission or authority to paint, write, spray, scratch, affix, inscribe or otherwise mark, under circumstances evincing an intent to use same in order to make graffiti upon such property. Possession of a spray paint can in a public building, park, facility, or alley shall be presumptive evidence of intent to use same in order to damage such property.
The maximum penalty for it is imprisonment for 6 months.
📕 Possession of Marijuana.
Possession of up to 2 ounces of marijuana can be punishable by up to 180 days in jail and a $2,000 fine.
📕 Profanity.
A person who uses indecent or profane language or sings any indecent or profane song or ballad in a public place; or in a police station; or which is audible from a public place; or which is audible in neighbouring or adjoining occupied premises; or with intent to offend or insult any person is guilty of an offence.
Maximum penalty for profanity is $250 fine.
📕 Promoting Gambling.
A person commits an offense if he intentionally or knowingly operates or participates in the earnings of a gambling place; engages in bookmaking; for gain, becomes a custodian of anything of value bet or offered to be bet; sells chances on the partial or final result of or on the margin of victory in any game or contest or on the performance of any participant in any game or contest or on the result of any political nomination, appointment, or election or on the degree of success of any nominee, appointee, or candidate; or for gain, sets up or promotes any lottery or sells or offers to sell or knowingly possesses for transfer, or transfers any card, stub, ticket, check, or other device designed to serve as evidence of participation in any lottery.
A conviction for Gambling Promotion is punished with a maximum possible fine of up to $4,000 and jail time of up to 1 year.
📕 Racketeering.
To violate RICO (Racketeering Influenced and Corrupt Organizations), a person must engage in a pattern of racketeering activity connected to an enterprise. The law defines 35 offenses as constituting racketeering, including gambling, murder, kidnapping, arson, drug dealing, bribery. Significantly, mail and wire fraud are included on the list. These crimes are known as "predicate" offenses. To charge under RICO, at least two predicate crimes within 10 years must have been committed through the enterprise. Note that an enterprise is required. This might be a crime family, a street gang or a drug cartel.
The criminal RICO statute provides for prison terms of 20 years and severe financial penalties.
📕 Reckless Driving.
The offence of Reckless Driving is committed when a person drives their vehicle in a way that is considered by the court to be reckless. “A person must not drive a motor vehicle on a road furiously, recklessly or at a speed or in a manner dangerous to the public.”
Maximum penalty for it is imprisonment for 9 months (in the case of a first offence) or imprisonment for 12 months (in the case of a second or subsequent offence).
📕 Resisting Arrest.
A person can be convicted of Resisting Arrest when he or she intentionally prevents or obstructs a person he knows is a peace officer or a person acting in a peace officer's presence and at his direction from effecting an arrest, search, or transportation of the actor or another by using force against the peace officer or another.
In lower level a conviction carries a maximum jail sentence of 1 year. In addition to that, you may also face a maximum fine of no more than $4,000.
📕 Robbery.
Robbery is a theft with an added element of violence. It’s because of this that it is punished more severely than a typical theft charge. Robbery is doing either of the following in the commission of a theft: Intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly causing bodily injury to another, or intentionally or knowingly threatening or placing another in fear of imminent bodily injury or death.
Robbery carries a potential 2 to 20 years in prison and fines reaching $10,000.
📕 Second High-Grass Violation.
Homeowners found with grass over 8 inches could be faced with a ticket and $95 fine for a first offense, however they may face possible jail time if they are found guilty of a “Second High-Grass Violation.”
It carries a fine of up to $250 and as many as 30 days in the slammer.
📕 Smuggling.
Smuggling, conveyance of things by stealth, particularly the clandestine movement of goods to evade customs duties or import or export restrictions.
The maximum penalty for Smuggling goods is 20 years in prison plus fines and fees.
📕 Stalking.
Stalking considered to be a pattern of malicious behaviour, in contrast to being a one-time occurrence. That pattern of behaviour can involve physical actions or interactions, such as repeatedly following someone on the street or indirect actions or interactions, such as repeatedly contacting someone via phone, social media, emails or other forms of communication. In each case, these communications must be unwanted and unwelcome by the recipient, who then must fear for his or her well-being or safety as a result.
The law also holds that stalking is a pattern of behaviour which causes the other person, a member of the other person's family or household, or an individual with whom the other person has a dating relationship to be placed in fear of bodily injury or death or in fear that an offense will be committed against the other person's property, or to feel harassed, annoyed, alarmed, abused, tormented, embarrassed, or offended.
Convicted of Stalking may face a prison sentence of 2 to 10 years and a fine of as much as $10,000.
📕 Tax Fraud.
Tax Fraud (also commonly known as tax evasion) is the illegal abuse of the taxation system for financial benefit which are includes dishonestly obtaining Commonwealth property by deception; obtaining a financial advantage from the Commonwealth; dishonestly causing a loss to the Commonwealth; failing to report cash income; falsifying tax claims; making a false or misleading statement on your tax return; …
Tax Fraud is a serious crime and carries a maximum penalty of up to 10 years’ imprisonment.
📕 Trespass.
Whether it is a home, business or some other type of property, it is against the law to enter or remain on the property that belongs to someone else without that person's permission.
The convict could be sent to jail for up to 3 months and may be ordered to pay a fine of up to $500.
📕 Unauthorized Practice of Medicine.
The Unauthorized Practice of Medicine occurs when someone gives medical advice or treatment without a professional license. The prohibition against the unauthorized practice of medicine is a precaution against people who would try to treat others without the proper training, or by using unproven methods which could harm or even kill their supposed patients.
Common sentences range from 1 to 8 years in prison. Many judges will also impose fines in addition to prison sentences.
📕 Unlawful Assembly.
Unlawful Assembly is one of a number of offences related to protesting and activism that protesters can be charged with. It can be difficult to clearly define what offences may apply to protesters, with protesters often charged with multiple offences at once. There also seems to be significant overlap between what makes up the offences, with the charges tending to rely heavily on police discretion. Unlawful assembly is an offence at common law based around the concept of ‘breach of the peace.’ It has been used to charge those involved in political actions in the past and will likely be utilised to charge protesters in the future.
The maximum penalty is imprisonment for up to 6 months and/or a fine of up to $550. If it become a riot by damaging public property or using weapon, each rioter is liable to a maximum penalty of 14 years imprisonment.
📕 Unlawful Possession of Weapons.
A person commits an offence if they unlawfully possess a weapon. A person unlawfully possesses a weapon if they have physical possession of it without holding an appropriate licence.
Depending on the category and number of weapons possessed, the maximum penalty which applies is between 2 to 13 years imprisonment.
📕 Unlawful Sound Amplification.
A person commits the offense of causing unreasonable sound amplification from a vehicle if the person operates, or permits the operation of, any sound amplification system which is plainly audible outside of a vehicle from 50 or more feet when the vehicle is on a public highway or on premises open to the public, unless that system is being operated to request assistance or warn of a hazardous situation. Also, in residential areas there are noise restrictions that relate to the type, timing, duration and frequency of noise.
The penalty for a breach is a $200 fine for an individual, or a $400 fine for a corporation. The maximum penalty a court can impose is a $5500 fine for an individual or an $11,000 fine for a corporation.
📕 Unlawfully Using Slugs.
A person commits the offense of Unlawfully Using Slugs, if he makes, uses, or utters a slug or slugs with intent to deprive a supplier of property or service sold or offered by means of a coin machine or with knowledge that he is facilitating such a deprivation by another person. Slug shall mean an object which by size, shape, or any other quality is capable of being inserted, deposited, or otherwise used in a coin machine as an improper but effective substitute for a genuine coin, bill, or token.
It is punishable by a jail sentence not to exceed 3 months or probation, and/a fine not to exceed $1,000.
📕 Unpaid Fines.
If a person is unable to pay the ticket right away, the costs can snowball quickly, resulting in more tickets, fines, and fees. Missing a court date or a payment can led to arrest warrants and driver license suspensions, and even jail time.
📕 Use of Laser Pointer.
A person commits an offense if the person knowingly directs a light from a laser pointer at a uniformed safety officer, including a peace officer, security guard, firefighter, emergency medical service worker, or other uniformed municipal, state, or federal officer.
The maximum possible fine is up to $500.